taken (directly) above the scene, est. landscape & character related to it
worm's eye view (shot)
looking up from the ground, → character from way below/ child/ pet
crane shot / boom shot / jib shot
taken by a camera on a crane or jib, commonly for bird's eye view / moving out from a closer view (a version of HA usually)
dutch angle / canted angle / tilted angle
the camera itself is tilted left/right, unnatural angle, gives a feeling that the world is out of balance / psychological unrest
point of view shot / P.O.V. shot / subjective camera
shows the image through the subject's eyes
shared ~ / dual ~ / triple ~
multiple subjects' p.o.v. (joint)
over the shoulder shot / over shoulder / OS / OTS / third-person shot
a shot of someone from the shoulder of another person → back of the shoulder and head frame the image, common for characters hacing a discussion, usually follows an establishing shot (it can be considered a variation of the POV shot)
a character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), than the other character is shown looking back at the first character, characters shown facing opposite directions ⇒ viewer assumes the're looking at each other (example of eyeline match, feature of continuity editing)
common for POV and OTS shots (care to avoid continuity error by violating the 180 degree rule)
reverse angle
shot from the opposite side of the subject, dialogue scene: shot of the second participant
continuity cuts
takes the viewer seamlessly and logically from one scene to another, unobtrusive cut, serves to move the narrative along, coherence between scenes / shots
eyeline match / eye-line matching
associated with continuity editing
premise: the audience wants to see what the character on-screen is seeing
a character looking at something off-screen
cut to the object or person at which he is looking
e.g. shot reverse shot
off-camera eyeline ⇒ placing the other actors off camera / a given mark to look at
gaze / look
exchange of looks that takes place in the cinema
180-degree rule
axis
an imaginary line connecting the (two) characters in the scene (180° line)
rule: the camera must be kept on one side of the line / axis for every shot in the scene
jumping the line / crossing the line
the camera passes over the axis
shooting in the round
breaking the rule by shooting on all sides
The object being filmed must always remain in the center, while the camera must always face towards the object.